The Other Side of the Coin

By George F. Howe

It is made plain throughout the Bible that God will ultimately save all people (Colossians 1:20 and Ephesians 1:10). Sin is not said to bring everlasting torment but "death" (Romans 6:23). The bible also says that Christ tasted that very same death (Gr. thanatos-qanatoV) for every human being: Hebrews 2:9 and II Corinthians 5:14-15.

Yet it must be recognized that when God is dealing with people, He can and does use punishment. The Bible clearly tells of such chastising past, present, and future. It is obviously not a punishment to pay for sins because Christ already died for the sins of the entire cosmos (John 1:29).

For the most part punishment is directed to the non-believers with the intent of turning them to God, but it can be allotted to believers as well: always with a purpose. In fact, a key to understanding such punishment is to remember that it consistently involves the objective of improving the ones to whom it is assigned. By taking all scripture together, punishment is seen to be more than vengeance. In the original languages, such constructive chastening is nowhere said to last "forever."

This study of punishment should be extended to the Old Testament. In this document, however, our attention is confined to the New Testament Greek in which there are several words or groups of words, which designate God’s actions against those who sin and who practice stubborn unbelief. Each word will be listed with a biblical example. The number and transliteration of each Greek word is supplied from (Goodrick and Kohlenbergers exhaustive concordance of the New International Version. Transliterated Greek words are arranged in their English alphabetical order for the convenience of those among us who are not familiar with the order of letters in the Greek alphabet.

1. 521. Antimisthia (antimisqia). An exchange or penalty. Romans 1:27 "…received in themselves the due penalty for their perversion."

2. 650. Apokteino (apokteino). Kill(ed). Revelation 2:23 "…I will strike her children dead."

3. 989. Basanizo (basanizo). To torture or torment. Revelation 20:10 "…tormented day and night.

990. Basanizmos (BasanizmoV). Torment. Revelation 14:11 "smoke of their torment."

992. Basanos (basanoV). Torment. Luke 16:23 "in Hades, where he was in torment."

4. 1296. Dero (dero). Beaten. Luke 12:47-48 "…beaten with many…(48) beaten with few stripes (blows).

5. 1472. Dike (dike). Punishment. Jude 1:7 speaks of the suffering of Sodom and Gomorrah with…"the punishment of eternal (eonian) fire."

6. 1689. Ekdikesis (ekdikesiV). Punishment or justice. Luke 21:22 "For this is the time of punishment…"

1690. Ekdikos (EkdikoV). Punishment. I Thessalonians 4:6 "The Lord will punish men..."

7. 2204. Epitimia (Epitimia). Punishment. II Corinthians 2:6 "The punishment is inflicted on him…"

8. 3136. Kolasis (KolasiV). G/K call it punishment, but A.E. Knoch made a strong case for its meaning "pruning." Matthew 25:46 "…age-related pruning…"

3134. kolazo. II Peter 2:9 "the Lord knows how to continue their pruning." Knoch.

9. 3210. Krima (Krima). Judgment or condemnation. Mark 12:40 concerning teachers who devour widows’ houses and will be therefore judged most severly.

10. 3212. Krino (Krino). Judged or condemned. Acts 7:7 in reference to Egypt punishes everyone He accepts as a son."

11. 3632. Misthapodosia (Misqapodosia). A reward (of punishment). Hebrews 2:2 ". . . every violation and disobedience received its just punishment."

12. 3973. Orge (Orge). Wrath, indignation, punishment. Romans 1:18 "The wrath of God is revealed from heaven…"

13. 4082. Paideia (Paideia). Discipline, training. Hebrews 12:5 "My son, do not make light of Lord’s discipline…"

4084. Paideuo (Paideuo). Discipline, instruct, train, heat. Revelation 3:19a "Those whom I love I rebuke and discipline."

14. 4250. Patasso (Patasso). Strike. Revelation 11:6 "…and to strike the earth with every kind of plague…"

15. 5103. Stenochoria (Stenocoria). Distress. Romans 2:9. "trouble and distress for every human being who does evil."

16. 2568. Thlipsis (QliyiV). Trouble. Romans 2:9 "trouble and distress for ever human being who…"

17. 2596. Thumos (QumoV). Anger. Romans 2:8 "…there will be... anger."

18. 5512 Timoreo (Timoreo). Punished. Hebrews 10:29 "…a man deserves to be punished who has trampled the Son of God under foot…"

If there are other word groups In the Greek which have been overlooked in this review of God’s corrective punishments, please inform us—address below.

In only three of these New Testament passages is there any hint in English translations that the particular punishment persists permanently: Jude 7, Matthew 25:46, and Revelation 14:11. In each case a flawed translation is involved.

Jude 7 appears to speak of "the punishment of eternal fire." The Greek text reflects a limited punishment. Due to that limitation, the Rotherham version has it "age-abiding fire" and Weymouth translated it "fire of the ages," both of which are accurate and do not suggest eternal torment. The CLV has it eonian fire. Here, eonian is the perfectly valid English counterpart of the Greek word aionios-aionioV meaning "pertaining to an age" or "age-related."

In Revelation 14:11, the smoke of their torment (Gr. basanizmos-basanizmoV) is said to be rising forever and ever, and the NASB has it "going up forever and ever." But, the CLV has the torment associated with "the eons of the eons" which is a clear reference to the last two great time spans in God’s plan of the ages: the millennial age (1000 years) and the New Heaven/New Earth eon, the duration of which is not directly revealed. In any case, it does not mean "forever and ever" as most English translations assert.

Finally, Matthew 25:46 has specific reference to a judgment of nations in respect to their treatment of Israel (Christ’s "brethren") during the period of Great Tribulation. As A. E Knoch noted, these anti-Semitic nations will undergo a 1000 year span of eonian chastening (kolasis-kolasiV), not an everlasting punishment. Thus the only verses reported to teach eternal or everlasting punishment of lost people do not say any such thing in the original language. May God receive all glory for His wise chastening of people and for His great plan to save and unite them all in Christ—II Corinthians 15:28 and John 11:52.  

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